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Waterproofing agents can be divided into two categories based on their carbon chain structure, one is fluorinated waterproofing agents, and the other is fluorine-free waterproofing agents. Currently, the most commonly used fluorinated waterproofing agents are carbon eight waterproofing agents and carbon six waterproofing agents.
Carbon eight waterproof agent, also known as perfluoroalkyl compound, C&flash; The F bond has high bond energy, small spacing, and low polarization, making it very stable. It has extremely low surface tension in aqueous solutions and excellent hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity. Under the influence of comprehensive environmental conditions, perfluoroalkyl compounds will gradually degrade into long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids over time, ultimately metabolizing into perfluorocarbonic acids (PFCA), among which perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a typical representative. PFOA has strong persistence and is currently one of the most difficult organic pollutants to decompose. The condition for its decomposition is high-temperature incineration. Due to its strong bioaccumulation and carcinogenic risk, its use is widely restricted.
Carbon six waterproofing agent was developed after carbon eight waterproofing agent, which is synthesized from six carbon fluorinated acrylic resin. It meets the environmental requirements specified in OEKO-TEX Standard 100, which states that the PFOA and PFOS content in fluorine based waterproofing agents must be less than 1ug/㎡. However, in 2021, the European Commission for Social and Economic Analysis (SEAC) passed a final opinion on Germany's proposal to limit perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), its salts, and related substances. After the draft is approved, the control of PFHxA, its salts, and related substances will be officially included in the REACH regulatory restriction section, and it is expected that the ban will come into effect in mid-2025. At that time, C6 waterproofing agent will be banned, and only fluorine-free waterproofing agents or perfluorinated waterproofing agents with shorter carbon chains can be used.
In order to adhere to the sustainable development path of green peace, fluorine-free waterproofing agents will inevitably become the mainstream in the future. Due to the structure of fluorine-free waterproofing agents, their surface tension is relatively high and they have no anti oil effect. The current fluorine-free waterproofing agents cannot achieve the effect of fluorine-containing waterproofing agents, and the color change is also greater than that of fluorine-containing waterproofing agents. Therefore, developing more comprehensive and high-performance fluorine-free waterproofing agents, especially new polymers with lower surface tension, is currently a research direction for major companies. The main focus is on the modification of polyurethane and organic silicon, polyurethane and acrylic acid, acrylic acid and organic silicon, nano SiO2 modification, and modification of various superhydrophobic structures.
| Waterproof performance test | Spray testing | GB/T 47-2012 | Testing and evaluation of textile waterproofing performance based on water immersion method |
| ISO 4920-2012 (E) | Determination of surface moisture resistance of textiles (spray test) | ||
| AATCC 22-2017 | Water repellent spray test | ||
| JIS L1092:2009 | Test method for water resistance of textile fabrics | ||
| Wetting resistance test | AATCC 193-2017 | Wetting resistance: waterproof/ethanol solution | |
| Bondis Gate Test | GB/T 14577-1993 | Determination of water repellency of fabrics - Bondsman rain method | |
| ISO 9865-1991（E） | Textile Bondsman rain test | ||
| BS EN29865-1993 | |||
| Waterproof performance test | Rain test | GB/T 23321-2009 | Horizontal spray rain test for waterproofing of textiles |
| ISO 22958-2021 (E) | Textile water resistance rain test: Horizontal spray method | ||
| AATCC 35-2018 | Waterproofing: Test to prevent rainwater penetration | ||
| Water shock resistance test | GB/T 33732-2017 | Determination of water permeability of textile fabrics - Impact penetration test | |
| ISO 18695-2007 (E) | Textile fabrics - Determination of water permeability - Permeability test | ||
| AATCC 42-2017 | Water repellency: impact water permeability test | ||
| Water pressure resistance test | GB/T 4744-2013 | Testing and evaluation of waterproof performance of textiles - Hydrostatic pressure method | |
| ISO 811-2018 (E) | Textiles - Determination of water permeability - Hydrostatic pressure test | ||
| AATCC 127-2017 | Water resistance: hydrostatic method | ||
| Oil repellent performance test | GB/T 19977-2014 | Textiles - Oil repellency - Hydrocarbon resistance test | |
| ISO 14419-2010 (E) | Textiles - Oil repellency, hydrocarbon resistance test | ||
| AA 130-2018TCC | Oil repellency and hydrocarbon resistance test | ||
| Anti fouling and easy decontamination performance test |
Easy to decontaminate test | FZ/T 01118-2012 | Testing and evaluation of anti fouling performance of textiles - Ease of decontamination |
| AATCC 130-2018 | Standard and method for easy decontamination testing | ||
| Anti fouling test | GB/T 30159.1-2013 | Testing and evaluation of textile anti fouling performance - Part 1: Staining resistance | |
| Washable performance test | GB/T 8629-2017 | Household washing and drying procedures for textile testing | |
| ISO 6330-2021 (E) | Household washing and drying procedures for textile testing | ||
| AATCC 135-2018 | Determination of dimensional changes in fabrics after home washing | ||
| JIS L1930-2014 | Household washing test method for textiles | ||
| JIS L0217-1995 | Notes and labels for textiles | ||
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